Articles by bbytes

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The 1958 All-African People’s Conference Explained through the Zone Analysis Theory By Dr. Gnaka Lagoke

bbytes August 21, 2025 bbytes

Introduction

Pan-Africanism is one area that African academics have shied away from for some time now. For this reason, faculty and students, across the continent, have little understanding of what it really means, and especially, when it started, and for what purpose. It is therefore important that African higher education institutions revisit the issue to place it back on the continental agenda because it is experiencing a resurgence.

Consequently, there is the need to show its importance and the significant contribution it made to African history, especially, the first major 1958 All-African People’s Conference. This has necessitated the attempt to look at the subject through the prism of the Zone Analysis Theory. read more

Derailing the Engine of Liberty

bbytes February 13, 2025 bbytes

The Trump crusade to end birthright citizenship isn’t a new idea. But it would create a permanent caste of aliens. It’s a crystal clear idea: citizenship and equal protection under the law for everyone born or naturalized in the United States. Beyond that, the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution also protects the rights of life, liberty, and property of all citizens.

Remembering Armistice Day

bbytes November 22, 2024 bbytes

Historian/activist Sandra Baird remembers Armistice Day – the 11th hour of the11th Day of the 11th month of 1918 – called Remembrance day in Canada – and now Veterans Day in the US. Baird calls out to young people: “make sure your young lives are not wasted in the struggle of the empires of elites. If the sacrifice must be made let it be made for the battle to end all wars….”

Commentary – The Unfinished Business of the Pan African Congress

bbytes November 5, 2024 bbytes

The 9th Pan African Congress: postponed or cancelled?

Many of us at Toward Freedom were disappointed to learn that the long awaited 9th Pan- African Congress, to be held in Lome,Togo on October 29 to November 2, 2024 was postponed…or cancelled. Scant information has been available to clear the air. We are pleased to publish this backgrounder written by Siphiwe Baleka who has studied the history of Pan African Congresses and was closely involved in trying to work thru some of the knots that bedeviled the planning of this Congress.  Siphiwe has been involved with many Pan African groups: the Republic of New Afrika (PGRNA), West Africa Region of the Pan African Federalist Movement (PAFM), NCOBRA to list just a few. You can reach him at: [email protected] read more